Sleepy John Estes

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Ripley, Lauderdale County, Tennessee (1899 or 1904 – 1977)

John Adam Estes (Ripley, Lauderdale County, Tennessee 25 January 1899 or 1904 — Brownsville, Haywood County,Tennessee 5 June 1977), best known as Sleepy John Estes or Sleepy John, was a guitarist, songwriter and vocalist.

In 1915, Estes’s father, a sharecropper who also played some guitar, moved the family to Brownsville, Tennessee. Not long after, Estes lost the sight of his right eye when a friend threw a rock at him during a baseball game. At the age of 19, while working as a field hand, he began to perform professionally. The venues were mostly local parties and picnics, with the accompaniment of Hammie Nixon, a harmonica player, and James “Yank” Rachell, a guitarist and mandolin player. He continue to work, on and off, with both musicians for more than fifty years.

Estes made his debut as a recording artist in Memphis, Tennessee in 1929, at a session organized by Ralph Peer for Victor Records. His partnership with Nixon was first documented on songs like Drop Down Mama and Someday Baby Blues in 1935; later sides replaced the harmonica player with the guitarists Son Bonds or Charlie Pickett. He later recorded for the Decca and Bluebird labels, with his last pre-war recording session taking place in 1941.

Estes made a brief return to recording at Sun Studio in Memphis in 1952, recording Runnin’ Around and Rats in My Kitchen, but otherwise was largely out of the public eye for two decades.

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