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Arvo Pärt

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Estonia (1935 – present)

Arvo Pärt (born 11 September 1935 in Paide) is an Estonian composer, often identified with the school of and more specifically, that of “holy minimalism” or “sacred minimalism”. He is considered a pioneer of this style, along with contemporaries Henryk Górecki and John Tavener.

In these days Arvo Pärt is best known for his choral works, which he started to produce in the 80s, after his emigration from former Soviet Union to Germany, Berlin. Before that he had written his most recognized works from the 70s - Fratres (premiered by Gidon Kremer in version for violin and piano. In original “Fratres” score Pärt only indicated the pitch and rhythm, the choice of instruments is left to the performers), Cantus in memoriam Benjamin Briten and Tabula Rasa. In 1978 Pärt composed PlaySpiegel im Spiegel (Mirror in Mirror).

Spiegel im Spiegel is recognized as a work of his own composition style called “tintinnabuli” (from the Latin word “tinnitus” - tinkling). Melodic voice of violin conducts a dialogue with the “tinkly” voice of the piano in this piece. There are several versions of “Spiegel im Spiegel” - it can be performed (from the mentioned above) with the viola or cello and even with the French horn or clarinet. Spiegel im Spiegel was used many times in film (movie) soundtracks, e. g. by directors Jean-Luc Godard, Guy Ritchie and Mike Nichols.

Arvo Pärt’s oeuvre is generally divided into two periods.

His early works ranged from rather severe neo-classical styles influenced by Shostakovich, Prokofiev and Bartók.
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