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Jean-Baptiste Lully

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Jean-Baptiste Lully, originally Giovanni Battista Lulli (November 28, 1632 – March 22, 1687), was an Italian-born French composer, who spent most of his life working in the court of Louis XIV of France. He took French citizenship in 1661.
Born in Florence, either the son of a miller or a nobleman as Lully himself claimed, Lully had little education, musical or otherwise, but he had a natural talent to play the guitar and violin and to dance. In 1646, he was discovered by the Duke of Guise and taken to France by him, where he entered the services of Mademoiselle de Montpensier (la Grande Mademoiselle) as a scullery-boy. With the help of this lady his musical talents were cultivated. He studied the theory of music under Nicolas Métru. A scurrilous poem on his patroness resulted in his dismissal.

He came into Louis XIV’s service in late 1652, early 1653 as a dancer. He composed some music for the Ballet de la Nuit which pleased the King immensely. He was appointed as the composer of instrumental music to the King conducted the royal string orchestra of the French court, Les Vingt-quatre Violons du Roi (Twenty-four Violins of the King) or the Grande Bande(Large band). He tired of the lack of discipline of the Grande Bande, and with the King’s permission formed his own Petits Violons.

Lully composed many ballets for the King during the 1650s and 1660s, in which the King and Lully himself danced. He also had tremendous success composing the music for the comedies of Molière, including Le Mariage Forcé (1664), L’Amour Médecin (1665), and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (1670). Louis XIV’s interest in ballet waned as he got older and was less able to dance well (his last performance was in 1670) and so Lully pursued opera.
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